18:00 Kerry McCarthy (Labour)

That the Committee has considered the draft Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme (Amendment) Order 2025.

The draft order was laid before Parliament on 3 December 2024. I will set out some of the background. The UK emissions trading scheme was established under the Climate Change Act 2008 and the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Order 2020 as a UK-wide greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme, to contribute to the UK’s emissions reduction targets and net zero goal. The scheme is run by the UK ETS Authority, a joint body comprising the UK and devolved Governments. Our aim is to be predictable and responsible guardians of the scheme and its markets.

Under the UK ETS, operators are required to monitor, report on and surrender allowances in respect of their greenhouse gas emissions. Most allowances are purchased at regularly held auctions, but operators in certain sectors at risk of carbon leakage are given a number of allowances free, to manage their exposure to the carbon price and the risk that business decarbonisation efforts could be undermined by higher carbon imports. Under the UK ETS, an “operator” is the person who has control over an installation. An “installation” is a stationary unit at which regulated activities take place, and sub-installations represent operations carried out at an installation in respect of which free allocation operators are required to report activity levels for ETS purposes.

There is an exception to the final year rule in circumstances where the permanent cessation of operations at a sub-installation is part of a series of changes that has resulted in a material reduction in the specified emissions per unit of production of those pre-cessation products which continue to be produced at the installation. The exception will incentivise decarbonisation, as operators that can demonstrate that the relevant requirements are met will continue to be entitled to the free allocation calculated in accordance with existing UK ETS rules, which is calculated in advance on the basis of historical activity levels.

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18:14 Kerry McCarthy (Labour)

I suppose I should welcome the shadow Minister to his place, but it is a bit depressing to hear him outline the Opposition’s position. In the last year or two that the Conservatives were in government, we saw them U-turn and row back on getting to net zero. We recognise that it is an integral part of our growth and industrial strategy, which will protect jobs and investment in this country, so to hear the Opposition’s position spelled out in such stark terms is disappointing.

Net zero is part of our growth strategy, and energy security is very much at the heart of what we do in the wake of Putin’s illegal invasion of Ukraine and other global factors. The shift away from volatile fossil fuel markets is not just about a desire to reach net zero, although of course that is really important—we see evidence of what happens if we do not tackle climate change around us every day. It is about protecting our security. The UK emissions trading scheme is a key pillar of the climate and net zero policy regime and our industrial strategy. It sets a cap on emissions in the sectors covered, which currently represent about a quarter of the UK’s emissions, and guarantees that those sectors will reduce their emissions in line with our world-leading net zero target.

Only fossil fuel electricity generation will be captured by the UK ETS, so the increasing uptake of renewables and nuclear power will reduce the costs for consumers. By driving green investment as part of our industrial strategy, the UK ETS will also help to deliver a just transition, growing the UK’s economy and securing good jobs for people across the country.

I think the shadow Minister is arguing that decarbonisation is coming too fast, but we are absolutely at the forefront of the new technologies and industries. My hon. Friend the Member for Redcar could wax lyrical about what that means for a constituency such as hers. Redcar has a strong industrial base but its future will be built on decarbonisation technology and the accompanying jobs.

Delivering an industrial strategy is the centrepiece of the Government’s growth mission. It will make us energy independent while creating jobs and providing investment in communities across the UK. A key part of that will be investing and creating the right conditions so that the green industries of the future can flourish, and the UK ETS is a vital element of that approach. It sets out a clear trajectory for emissions from the sectors covered and drives investment in decarbonisation.

To ensure the scheme continues to remain a key driver of decarbonisation, our intention is to expand its scope further. We have recently consulted on proposals to expand it to energy from waste and waste incineration, and we have recently consulted on expansion to maritime operators and on a regulatory framework for integrating non-pipeline transport for carbon capture, usage and storage. Beyond those new sectors, we are exploring options to build the UK ETS into the world’s first integrated market for carbon emissions and carbon removal. Subject to consultation, our intention is to include engineered greenhouse gas removals. That would support the new technologies we need to reach net zero while providing a sustainable path for industry to decarbonise and flourish.

We recognise the importance of long-term certainty to decarbonisation planning. The authority’s intention is to run the scheme until at least 2050. The authority published a long-term pathway for the UK ETS in December 2023, outlining our intention to consult on extending the scheme beyond its current date of 2030. We will consult on that and on any cap for future scheme phases in due course.

We are committed to being attentive to views and to bringing forward changes as required to ensure the scheme operates efficiently and achieves emissions reductions. It is an integral part of our journey on our path to decarbonisation coupled with industrial growth. I commend the order to the Committee.

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